Rene Descartes an Example of the Topic Arts Essays by

Rene Descartes I. Presentation Rene Descartes was a French savant, researcher, and mathematician. When the scholarly developments of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance had gotten doomed, he imagined new projects for theory and science and expounded and guarded them with incredible inventiveness and splendor. Descartes established present day philosophical logic and affected resulting thinkers all things considered. He was among the first to interpret reasoning as giving a vital establishment to science and dismissing the conventional pondering perfect, to view science as a methods for obtaining authority over nature to assist humanity. Notwithstanding being a trend-setter in reasoning, he was one of the makers of numerical material science, the designer of investigative geometry, and a significant figure in the chronicles of optics, physiology, and different parts of science (Cottingham, 2002). Need article test on Rene Descartes point? We will compose a custom article test explicitly for you Continue II. Foundation A. Early life Rene Descartes was conceived on March 31, 1596, in La Haye, a humble community in the Tonraine region, presently called La Haye-Descartes in his respect. He guaranteed, erroneously, that his mom passed on while bringing forth him: truth be told, she kicked the bucket while bringing forth another youngster about a year later. He was raised first by one of his grandmas and afterward by the other until, at 10 years old, he entered the Jesuit school at La Fleche, close to Le Mans, in 1614 he moved on from this school: after two years, maybe to fulfill his dad (who was an authority of the Parlement of Britanny) he got a degree in law from University of Poitiers. Descartes family was wealthy, and he got a salary that empowered him to live in moderate solace for an amazing duration. He seems to have had significant trouble, as a youngster, in getting himself. Until he was around 30 his commitment to the philosophical and logical interests he had created at La Fleche was to some degree discontinuous and unsystematic. Periods in which his scholarly action was amazingly extraordinary and gainful rotated with periods in which he drove a pretty much dilettantish life (Cottingham, 2002). Descartes went through quite a long while as an officer, a standard occupation for more youthful children of his social class. In 1617, he went to the Netherlands and joined the military of Maurice of Nassau. He discovered battalion life exhausting in the outrageous until he met Isaac Beeckman, a mathematician and physicist who perceived Descartes ability and whom Descartes credited with having excited him from his scholarly torpor. Subsequent to serving quickly in Germany with the Duke of Bavaria in 1619, Descartes finished his military profession. There is no proof that he was ever in battle. Quite a long while later, nonetheless, while living in Paris, he incapacitated a man in swordplay over an affront to a woman (Moyal, 2001). B. First Creative Period During his stay in Germany, Descartes had kept up and escalated the scholarly force recently produced in him by his conversations with Beeckman. Not long in the wake of leaving the Netherlands, he made some significant scientific revelations, and this achievement roused him with aspiration. His endeavors to expand his accomplishment arrived at their peak in the fall of 1619, when he considered the arrangement of an all inclusive science, where all issues helpless to human explanation could be unraveled and in which all philosophical and logical truth could be bound together as a solitary framework (Kenny, 2004). The commendation actuated in him during this continued time of strikingly innovative work was followed in no time by weariness and self-uncertainty, and he endured a concise passionate emergency. The evening of Nov. 10-11, 1619, he had three dreams that intrigued him profoundly. He comprehended the fantasies as mirroring his contentions concerning the estimation of his thoughts and the dangers associated with submitting his life to them. His nerves were clearly settled when he deciphered the fantasies to imply that his originations were sound and that it was his strategic make the arrangement of thought whose chance he accepted he had found. Somewhere in the range of 1619 and 1627, Descartes lived in Paris for quite a long while and invested the remainder of energy voyaging. He lived in Italy for around year and a half, during which period he made a journey to the hallowed place of the Virgin Mary at Loreto, satisfying a promise he made after his three dreams in November 1619. For some time he joined the spin of Parisian public activity, yet the job of a carefree didn't fulfill him, and he sloughed it off conveniently by changing his living arrangement without notice to his companions. He composed almost no during this period, however his notoriety was developing, and he approached the most progressive scholarly circles (Cottingham, 2002). Some portion of Descartes vision of all inclusive science was an idea of the strategy for request by which progress in reasoning and in the sciences may most dependably be made. Scenes of diverted inertness separated, he dedicated himself to a great extent to rehearsing the utilization of this technique and to refining his origination of it. He was particularly entranced by the telescope, which had as of late become known in France, and he worked effectively on different issues in optics that emerged over the span of his endeavors to structure progressively compelling adaptive focal points. Late in 1627, Descartes had a meaningful discussion about his philosophical and logical program with Pierre Cardinal de Berulle, a main figure in the Roman Catholic renaissance in France. He persuaded Berulle that the endeavor he had considered may prompt advancement in medication and in the valuable expressions by and large, and in this manner would be of gigantic down to earth advantage to humankind. Berulle firmly directed him to give every one of his energies to the venture and to make it feasible for others to go along with him in his work (Moyal, 2001). The discussion clearly decisively affected Descartes. Saturated with a clear feeling of the earnestness of his duty, he made plans to improve his states of work and to submit himself wholeheartedly to accomplishing the outcomes that he accepted his technique made conceivable. It was at about this time he chose to leave France for the Netherlands, where the atmosphere was cooler and where he would not be dependent upon the interruptions of French life. C. Move to the Netherlands Descartes settled in the Netherlands in 1628 and, aside from a couple of rather short visits of France, stayed there until 1649. By 1633, he had finished a significant work, entitled The World (Le Monde), in which introduced portions of his arrangement of material science and the aftereffects of his examination in physiology and in embryology. The book was going to be distributed when he discovered that the Roman Catholic Church had quite recently denounced Galileo for embracing the Copernican hypothesis of the close planetary system. Since the cosmic hypothesis created in The World was additionally Copernican, Descartes stifled the book, and it didn't show up until numerous years after his demise (Kenny, 2004). In 1637, Descartes distributed namelessly three articles (Essais) revealing the aftereffects of his work in geometry, in optics, and in meteorology, introduced by a protracted Discourse on Method (Discours de la methode). Albeit most got the hang of composing around then was in Latin, Descartes composed the Discourse and the papers in French. He trusted they would be perused by researchers as well as by savvy men for the most part and even by ladies; his aim was to go over the tops of the insightful network to individuals who had no personal stake in the conventional regulations he was anxious to displace. The Discourse is composed generally with incredible clarity and appeal, and it is broadly viewed as one of the works of art of French writing. It contains a scholarly collection of memoirs, portrayals of Descartes technique and power, assessments of certain logical inquiries (counting a record of Harveys revelation of the flow of the blood, which Descartes was among the first to acknowledge and to promote), and a conversation of the conditions and prospects of further advancement in technical studies. In spite of its title, it doesn't give a point by point record of his strategy. In 1628, preceding he left France, Descartes has started to compose, in Latin, a treatise on strategy called Rules for the Direction of the Mind (Regulae advertisement directionem ingenii). It was his lone significant work on strategy, yet he didn't finish it and his original copy was not distributed until 1701, over 50 years after his passing (Dicker, 1993). In 1641, Descartes distributed in Latin his most significant book on power, Meditations Concerning Primary Philosophy (Meditationes de prima philosophia), in which he endeavored to set up the structure of ideas and the essential presumptions that he accepted the advancement of science required. He devoted the contemplations to the philosophical experts in France. III. Conversation A. Tenets Before the finish of the sixteenth century, the soundness and authority of the basically Aristotelian scholarly culture of the late Middle Ages (also its social, political, and strict establishments) had been unequivocally sabotaged. Be that as it may, no similarly far reaching elective perspective on the world, and of keeps an eye on spot and job in it, had at this point been agreeably settled. For a large number of the most delicate and principled educated people of the period the outcome was a profound feeling of vulnerability (most eminently communicated by Montaigne) to surrender dynamic life and to pull back into oneself (Dicker, 1993). Descartes revitalized the philosophical idea of his time by changing its incredulity and accentuation on self from articulations of gloom into innovative instruments adding to scholarly advance. a.) Method Descartes respected the arguments of Aristotelian rationale as useless for the reasons for request. He discovered them reasonable for

Employers Essay

What should Paul do to decide how Plastec contrasts and other zone managers regarding wages and advantages? While deciding how Plastec contrasts and other region bosses as far as wages and advantages, Paul should initially discover what his organization’s methods of reasoning, techniques, and approaches are to the pay framework followed by an inside and out examination of where his association is situated in the work showcase. Our content notices three pay quartile procedures in which businesses can situate themselves, first there is the base or the main quartile which is underneath showcase technique. In the main quartile, you will discover bosses who are encountering a deficiency of assets and just can't stand to pay their managers more cash. For the most part, extraordinary arrangements of unlawful foreigners are employed in associations situated at this level in view of their longing to work in the United States. In the principal quartile, boss positions pay scales with the goal that 75% of different firms pay above and 25% compensation beneath. The middle or the subsequent quartile is viewed as the sheltered zone for managers. Most businesses decide to situate themselves here in light of the fact that it adjusts the business cost pressures and the need to draw in and hold existing managers. Finally, the greatest or third quartile drives the market. In the third quartile, businesses can pull in and hold adequate laborers who are completely qualified. Managers at this level can be increasingly particular concerning who they enlist also. Paul should discover which quartile his association as of now falls in and choose if that is the place they ought to stay for the better great of the association and the representatives (Mathis and Jackson 2008).

Research/analyze the contemporary globalization of one place Research Paper

/examine the contemporary globalization of one spot - Research Paper Example This paper will give point by point verifications of how shanghai has experienced globalization and extended from being neighborhood to universal levels. The principle crucial this paper is to upgrade a superior contact with shanghai. The fundamental reason portrays that Shanghai is a rich city for Globalization. Rather than review globalization as an outside factor affecting Shanghai, this paper will show how globalization is natural in the city of Shanghai and that the examination of the particular highlights of Shanghai beginning from the relinquished production lines which are currently seen as imaginative groups, to the Lilong designs, extravagance shopping centers and road sellers illuminates the world globalization both previously and what's to come. The fundamental factors that have prompted shanghai globalization are the travel industry attractions, the Shanghai’s resurgence, rivalry of the Chinese urban areas and the story of two urban communities (shanghai and Hong Kong). There are other unmentioned factors that have seen shanghai in to globalization. Shanghai is a worldwide city which considers itself to be the city of things to come. This proceeded with conviction of the Shanghai globalization is driven by the historical backdrop of the city. In view of this, questions like can shanghai restore the cosmopolitanism of its past? Will its endeavors of cultivating a culture of innovativeness succeed? Would it be able to hold up under a urban brilliant age that is vigorous and creative enough to impact the remainder of the world simply like New York or London emerge. First shanghai will be seen as a model of improvement and exchanging accomplice for India. (Liu, 786). Also, the city will be viewed as one of the significant zones of monetary open door inside the bigger Chinese world. Without the worldwide business systems of the Taiwanese, Hong Kong and the Chinese American business visionaries, shanghai city would not have ascended to more elevated levels. Furthermore, the city will be seen as a magnet for the relocation inside the nation of China. Back in the old

Planning And Policies In The Tourism Industry

Arranging And Policies In The Tourism Industry In todays quickly changing business situations it is a fundamental movement for each goal, to forestall aggravation in the travel industry. Plant and Morrison, (1998). The creator, state that a goal is exceptionally affected by the wide-go impacts of the travel industry, it is in this way fundamental to get ready for any turn of events. As indicated by J. C. Henderson, (2005), numerous scientists have moved toward the issue on the travel industry arranging and arrangements through alternate points of view; the fleeting and spatial advancement of goals the effects of improvement, government development strategies, arranging objectives, advertising issues and subjects examined. What's more, a similar creator makes reference to the different assessments of various creators who make referenced about the fundamental factors that would empower the travel industry advancement at a specific goal Critical impacts identify with openness (Prideaux, 2000), fascination and courtesy principles (Gunn, 2004), mindfulness and positive pictures (Johns and Mattson, 2005) related with advancement and promoting (Buhalis, 2000), a steady government (Weaver and Lawton, 2002) and a quiet and stable condition (Poirier, 1997). Arranging approach the travel industry arranging is characterized as a far reaching, composed and proceeding processthat advance the benefit of everyone of society According to (Stifel, 1990), society advantages and government assistance ought to be the primary focal point of all partners engaged with choices making relating to any travel industry improvement. In addition, the travel industry arranging has been characterized as a procedure dependent on research and assessment, which looks to advance the potential commitment of the human government assistance and natural quality, (Tosun and Jenkins, 1998). In the above articulation, Tosun and Jenkins, concur with Stifle expressing that human government assistance is in reality to be thought of while getting ready for the travel industry advancement and on it contended that travel industry ought not just investigate vacationers numbers and monetary increase, yet such improvement ought to be ecologically solid. Significance of Tourism linkage Nonetheless, arranging requires the coordination of the travel industry into other sectors㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦ Timothy, (1999). Timothy contends that travel industry can't work all alone, (as it is ecologically dependant) and depend on different areas of the economy, for example, farming, industry and transportation, to exist. There is the need to make linkage. As per Nikolaos Karangiannis 2003, absence of a general incorporated strategy has constrained the commitment of the travel industry development to the countrys financial development.[15] Therefore the creator makes reference to that the need to formulae arrangements for monetary rebuilding and expansion was prominent. The legislature in Jamaica chooses subsequently, to make linkage between the travel industry, ware creation parts, and reciprocal and related administrations so as to restore the business, increment financial addition and seriousness. The travel industry Planning and approaches Specialists have an indispensable job and open speculation and execution of master the travel industry strategies can help in guaranteeing that such conditions do win. (Joan C. Henderson, 2006) Government arrangement is tied in with affecting the manner in which individuals use their assets and the manner in which they identify with one another (inside and across state and national limits) and their condition. (Clare A.Gunn and Turgut Var, 2002) express that exceptional abilities are required to comprehend the working of the travel industry and to plan strategies. They included arrangements, arranging and improvement is at any scale, from national to neighborhood and their motivation and reasons contrasts starting with one goal then onto the next. (Taylor 1994), government holds the duty regarding exploration and rule improvement, particularly in three regions: travel markets, existing and potential; the travel industry physical plant; linkages between advertise needs and physical and physical plant advancement. Further contentions, by Clare (A.Gunn and Turgut Var, 2002), expressed that in spite of the fact that administration intercession is imperative to control effect of divided improvement on the earth and society, it has likewise been seen that free enterprise nations which embrace a free enterprise the travel industry strategy by private part, has almost no administration mediation. The conviction that political peacefulness, not grand or social attractions, comprises the first and focal necessity of the travel industry (Richter and Waugh, 1986, p. 320) (Ritcher 1994), concurs with Clare A.Gunn and Turgut Var, expressing that the reason for the travel industry approaches varies from one goal to the next as, in certain nations the travel industry has intentionally been coordinated toward expanded migration with the expectation that guests will become residents㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦stimulating of speculation to build national riches as indicated by similar creators it is concurred that unnecessary the travel industry development may request update of arrangements; protection strategies relating to condition, approaches for land use are a few models supportable strategies. Administrations of countries, territories, states and networks have the decision of sitting idle or accomplishing something useful about open the travel industry strategies. (Sheep and Davison 1996) Moreover, creating nations are frequently on edge to design however incapable to govern㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦this is impossible by a full scale or national-level approach(Cevat Tosun, Dallen J. Timothy 2001).With reference to Turkey, as traveler goal, Cevat Tosun, Dallen J. Timothy, affirm Stifels meaning of arranging, expressing that an over-centralization of the travel industry arranging and poor managerial practices and arrangements definition have neglected to advance basic great of the general public, since government hesitance and carelessness to thinking about provincial and nearby conditions. At long last as per Clare A. Gunn, Turgut Var, 2002, governments have the limit as well as the obligation of making, executing and exploring approaches that arrangement the travel industry. [6] According to similar creators, the travel industry organizers need to investigate three fundamental viewpoints, to be specific, financial, socio-social and natural, when making arrangements for the travel industry ventures for specific goals. Far reaching arranging process and sensible definition of arrangements will conquer hindrances to the travel industry arranging in every vacationer goal zone and lead to manageable turn of events. End, observational proof through the world plainly shows that the model goals for fruitful the travel industry are those that have grasped the travel industry arranging idea (Mill and Morisson 1997). Obstructions to the travel industry improvement Maintainable Tourism in the event that travel industry is to be genuinely gainful to all concerned㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦ and maintainable in the long haul, it must be guaranteed that assets are not over-devoured, that normal and human situations are ensured, that travel industry is coordinated with different exercises, that it gives genuine advantages to the neighborhood communities㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦that nearby individuals are included and remembered for the travel industry arranging and usage, and that societies and individuals are regarded. (Eber, 1992). The World Tourism Organization characterizes reasonable the travel industry as the travel industry which prompts the board of all assets so that monetary, social and tasteful needs can be filled while keeping up social honesty, basics natural procedures, natural assorted variety and life emotionally supportive networks. Creating pointers for maintainable the travel industry The most critical endeavor so far to create markers of practical the travel industry has been embraced by the World Tourism Organization (WTO) through its Environment Task Force (Dymond, 1997; Manning Dougherty, 1995; Manning et al., 1996). [9] Manning et al. consider that the principle motivation behind the WTO, in recognizing eleven global adequate reasonable the travel industry center pointers is to help organizers and chiefs in their assignments. Figure 1 presents center pointers of supportable the travel industry (WTO) Be that as it may, L.Twining-Ward R. Head servant, 2002, challenged that the above system has its constraints. It is seen that however, the above pointers speak to an insightful endeavor towards reasonable the travel industry improvement, no arrangement has been made for directing partners in the execution of same; that is, changing over marker results into the board activity. Besides Laws et al., express that every goal is special and in this manner needs to think about the goal neighborhood attributes and its own elements that may impact maintainable the travel industry markers. Arrangement producers ought to comprehend that there is no nonexclusive model for a few goals, however for sure approaches must be customized by goal points of interest. Also, it is of fundamental significance to audit approach and technique as a goal advance with time; current strategy may not be satisfactory for managing future issues in a similar goal. (Laws et al., 1998:9) [10] Agreeing L.Twining-Ward R. Head servant, 2002, Samoas Sustainable Tourism Status Report 2000, is a genuine model a viable arranging apparatus which helped Saoma Visitors Bureau in creating suitable activity plans and the travel industry mindfulness programs therefore. Figure 2, is an adjusted model of Saomas viable arranging and observing framework for practical the travel industry improvement, which will be accustomed to evaluating arranging process in Grand Baie. Hypothetical system for reasonable arranging Figure 2 arranging process, Source: adjusted from L.Twining-Ward R. Head servant, 2002 Stage 1. Venture Design/Study readiness Stage 7.Review and improve observing framework Stage 6. Execute activity design and convey results to Stakeholders Stage 2. Degree issues define Goals destinations Stage 5 arrangement Action detailing Stage 3. Overview/Develop and screen pointers Stage 4. . Examination and Synthesis Applying L.Twining-Ward R. Steward, 2002, model on look into arranging in Grand Baie: Stage 1: Design and study readiness; at this phase there is the need to take choices for arranging, that will be engaged with arranging process, (resi

Philosophy and Education Comparison Chart of the Philosophical Models of Education Essay Example

Theory and Education: Comparison Chart of the Philosophical Models of Education Essay This hypothesis has an away from of procedural recommendations and determines the activities required (what to state, objectives to have as a main priority, desires, and so forth ). * This hypothesis is effortlessly followed in light of the fact that it separates the systems into time periods for the instructors (before school begins, the primary days, the remainder of the year, and so forth ). | * This hypothesis expect a reason impact connection between its standards and understudy activities that are not generally evident. This hypothesis concentrates more on the achievement and conduct of the instructor (what to do when) than on the necessities of the understudies. | * This hypothesis shows everything the instructor has authority over, so all educators can apply it. * Harry Wong’s hypothesis encourages control and request, consistency and normality. | * The fundamental hindrance to this hypothesis is its unbending nature. It doesn’t take contrasts, singular understu dy needs, and surprising occasions into account. * Teachers executing this hypothesis may battle with adjustment to understudy needs and conduct. Instructing can turn into a propensity for the instructor, and chances to enable every understudy to build up their own latent capacity might be ignored. | Kagan, Kyle, amp; Scott’s Win-Win Discipline| * This order program evacuates angry relationship among educators and understudies. * It places understudies, guardians, and educators on a similar side. * It gives broad structure to usage. | * Win-Win discipline causes an excessive amount to notice student’s mischievous activities. * This arrangement gives the understudies a lot of intensity. * It shows discipline through inside roused controls. * It debilitates hatred. * Its outcomes are long standing. | * It might take more time to see positive outcomes. * This methodology might be seen as being excessively tolerant. | Morrish’s Real Discipline| * This model exhibits an away from of human instinct and how kids will in general respond. * This model has three clear components †preparing, instructing, and overseeing †and this makes it handily actualized and estimated by the teachers. * This model depends on regulating desires and hence focuses on response more than commencement. | * This hypothesis, whenever actualized well and acknowledged by the understudies, prompts an extremely utilitarian study hall. * Children raised with this model will learn regard and duty. | * Real order could strife with social and lawful desires in certain social orders/areas. * Children may not get familiar with the significance and significance of agreeing, and this could prompt future insubordination. Youngsters probably won't have the room and opportunity to build up their novel nesses and creativity| Comparison and Contrast 1. The Morrish and Wong discipline models are like the level that the two of them feature showing youngsters appropriate conduct utilizing anticipated techniques. One of the primary contrasts between Real Discipline and Pragmatic Classroom is that Wong centers all the more vigorously around homeroom application and activities (not which are all a reaction to awful conduct; some simply set the desires), while Morrish centers all the more explicitly around techniques for discipline. We will compose a custom exposition test on Philosophy and Education: Comparison Chart of the Philosophical Models of Education explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Philosophy and Education: Comparison Chart of the Philosophical Models of Education explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Philosophy and Education: Comparison Chart of the Philosophical Models of Education explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Morrish, in any case, incorporates more components considering the response and necessities of the youngster than Wong, who concentrates more on a perfect homeroom setting. 2. The Win-Win model of control is the best of the three, as it leaves more space for the self-improvement and positive uniqueness of every understudy. Instead of concentrating on meeting certain standards or desires, the success win technique centers around helping every understudy arrive at their most extreme potential and supplant any negative mentalities or inclinations with positive ones. . Individual investigation: a. For normal or more normal understudies, the success win discipline model is the most supportive and sensible. b. For understudies with learning troubles or social challenges, Wong’s logical homeroom and Morrish’s genuine control models might be increasingly powerful, as these understudies will be inadequate or reluctant to react to the success win techniques. Because of social cha llenges, it is fundamental for them to learn ideal conduct so they can work ordinarily in the study hall. |

Boston Fun

Boston Fun The weather in the area has been simply glorious over the past week, so Ive been spending a lot of time wandering through Boston. Everything below is within walking distance of MIT and Im not one of those I would walk 500 miles people. Check out places Ive visited: (note: very few of the photographs below are originals) Beacon Hill Boston Common Ice skating at Frog Pond (in a few months) Sam does his best balloon impersonation (anthropomorphization?) Copley Square Boston Public Library Architectural tours mmmm Chinatown China Pearl for dim sum Theater District Downtown Crossing Prudential Tower/Boylston Even though their waiters are creepy Beacon/BU Harvard Square Grafton Street Pub Central Square The Enormous Room Park Plaza Finale They have mirrors above the chef stations, so you can watch them prepare your dessert clogged arteries Longfellow Bridge Newbury St. The new way to spell Greek food at Steves Expanding my mind at Trident Bookstore Cafe Newbury J.P. Licks Does your milkshake bring all the boys to the yard? Newbury St. Teuscher Harvard/Mass Ave Bridge Smoots are underrated Steady hands are overrated Killian Court Back to MIT =)

Heart of Darkness and Things Fall Apart Complements, or Contrasts - Literature Essay Samples

When the Europeans arrived in Nigeria to harvest ivory and spread their religious ideals, many Africans were exploited and their cultures were irreversibly changed. Two novels, Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad and Things Fall Apart by Chinua Achebe, provide accounts of how the white man impacted Africa. Yet whether the novels actually complement each other is questionable. Conrads work has been labeled racist by Chinua and contains some elements, such as language and perspective, that allow it to be open to interpretation. Though suggestions of racism do exist in Conrads Heart of Darkness, further analyzation shows that it does depict some sympathy towards the Africans. It particularly shows African dignity and culture through contrast with the brutality of the Europeans, making the book a complement to Things Fall Apart. In both works, the authors show the humanity of African culture through the actions and traditions of the Nigerians. Conrad, for example, emphasizes the amount of control exhibited by the locals, particularly through Marlows reactions and observations. Though he says he would just as soon have expected restraint from a hyena prowling amongst the corpses of a battlefield than from the natives, Marlow admires the strong will possessed by the starving cannibals on the boat. He says, its really easier to face bereavement, dishonour, and the perdition of ones soul-than this kind of prolonged hunger. Though the comparison of a person to a hyena is crude, the respect conveyed in these lines show that Conrad does acknowledge the honorable traits possessed by the Nigerians. Achebes novel goes beyond mere acknowledgement, however. Instead, it gives an in-depth look at the culture of the Nigerians by following the life of Okonkwo, a respected member of the Umuofia tribe. The narrator remains objective throughout the piece and describes customs performed by the tribe that may be viewed as either positive or negative by the reader. This point of view pro vides a different prospective than Conrad, who exclusively views events from a European standpoint. One example of the traditions in Achebes novel is the sacred week of peace held between the harvest and the planting. When Okonkwo breaks the peace by beating his wife, he is forced to give a sacrifice to the earth goddess. Previously, we discover, the punishment was to be dragged through the village until death, but this practice was discontinued because it broke the peace it was meant to protect. Though this custom may seem barbaric, it shows the importance of justice and peace to the society, contrasting Conrads depictions of grotesque and horrid behavior. Rather, Achebe shows that there was a type of government in place that was respected and obeyed. A strong sense of ancestry and family ties is also evident. When the white man threatens the tribe, Okiko, a speaker, says that those who remain to protect the old ways have remained true to their fathers. Furthermore, when Okonkwos s on Nwoye joins the Christian missionaries, Okonkwo is not only angry, but worried that his spirit will never be respected by his descendents after his death. This connection to other human beings, though essential to Umuofia, is never alluded to by Conrad. Achebe continues to show the depth of the emotions experienced by the natives, especially those felt by Okonkwo. By giving the history of his father, one is able to clearly discern the motives that drove Okonkwo to become the proud and hardworking individual described in the novel. This personal background gives extra insight into the reasoning behind his emotions and makes his savage personality seem more humane. The capacity for emotion is further emphasized by the strong connection he feels with the rest of the tribe. Shortly before his death, Okonkwo was deeply grieved. And it was not just a personal grief. He mourned for the clan, which he saw breaking up and falling apart. Okonkwo was not a mindless brute, but a human being with emotions, attitudes, and motivations. These concise observations provide far more insight into the humanity of the Nigerians than Conrad provides. In Heart of Darkness, none of the Africans are given a name and their perspectives and opinions are not acknowledged or speculated on. The deepest connection any European feels is from Marlow, who feels a claim of distant kinship to the helmsman of the boat. He also engages in a few friendly deeds, such as sharing a biscuit with a dying local, but there are no close relationships with any of the natives. Conrads redemption is in how starkly he describes the exploitation of the Africans. When Marlow arrives at the Congo, he meets an accountant who is unconcerned with the well-being of the native people around him. When working, he comments that the groaning of a dying man are distracting and that when one has got to make correct entries, one comes to hate these savages ÂÂ ¾ hate them to the death. By showing the callousness of t he explorers, Conrad suggests that the European settlers contained as much primitiveness as the prehistoric men they oppressed. But despite the dark portrayal of the whites in Conrads novel, Things Fall Apart provides a clearer picture of how the Europeans truly affected the culture of Nigeria through the use of two different missionaries: Mr. Brown and Mr. Smith. When the church comes, they bring a government and belief system radically different from those in place in Umuofia. Though Mr. Browns approach to evangelism was relatively unobtrusive, Mr. Smith shows how much influence and power the Europeans were able to have over the Africans by actively working to change the traditions and beliefs of the Nigerians. When Okonkwo leads the revolt against the missionaries, he is placed into their prison and he breaks down. Though he has great respect for the laws and traditions of Umuofia, he commits suicide, one of the most disrespected crimes. This extreme act shows how great of an imp act the white men had on an individual as well as the tribe as a whole. Though Okonkwo took his own life, his friend, Obierka, places the ultimate blame on the Europeans. That man was one of the greatest men in Umuofia, he states. You drove him to kill himself, and now he will be buried like a dog. By using a native to put the responsibility of the death on the missionaries, Chinua provides a more powerful account of Europeans coming to Africa than Conrad. Thus, though Heart of Darkness does convey some parallel ideas of the European influence in Africa, it lacks the force contained by Things Fall Apart. Conrad attempts to show the savage nature inherent in the whites, but uses language that could still be interpreted as racist and does not offer any thoughts from the locals affected by the settlers. Chinua, on the other hand, utilizes point of view to focus on the individual and the tribe in times of change and provides a more extensive background of the Nigerian culture before th e arrival of the Christians. Heart of Darkness and Things Fall Apart complement each other in theme, but Chinuas work is more effective in conveying its ideas and contains less ambiguity.